Understanding COVID-19: Symptoms, Risks, and Safety Measures

What Is COVID-19, and What Are the Symptoms?

COVID-19, widely recognized as a disease causing respiratory issues similar to influenza, is caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which is a new strain from the Coronavirus family. This virus is believed to have jumped from animals to humans, leading to a global pandemic. Common symptoms include dry cough, fatigue, fever, and shortness of breath. Additionally, research indicates that some individuals may also report nasal congestion, a runny nose, diarrhea, or a sore throat, highlighting the virus's heterogeneous presentation, which can range from mild to severe symptoms ^[1].

Why Is It a Pandemic and What Does That Mean?

A pandemic is officially declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) when a disease spreads across multiple countries without a developed immunity in the population. It's important to note that declaring a pandemic does not alter the nature or threat level of the disease; it is primarily about how we manage the public health response and allocate resources to control the spread ^[3].

Why Are Some People at Greater Risk From Coronavirus?

Individuals with chronic cardiovascular conditions or diabetes face significantly higher risks of complications if they contract the virus. This increased risk also applies to older adults, particularly those over 70 years old, as well as pregnant women. However, it is essential to understand that having these conditions does not increase the likelihood of infection but can complicate the disease's course, potentially leading to severe complications affecting the heart, kidneys, or lungs ^[5].

How Do I Protect Myself and Others From the Coronavirus?

Maintaining hand hygiene is crucial in preventing the spread of the virus. Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Always cover your mouth with a tissue when coughing or sneezing, disposing of the tissue in a closed bin. If a tissue is unavailable, use your arm to cover your mouth. Additionally, minimizing face-touching can further reduce the risk of transmission.

What Do We Know About COVID-19 and Children?

This information may alleviate some parents' concerns. While the virus can spread among all age groups, studies suggest that children generally experience milder symptoms. Notably, children can transmit the virus to others even when asymptomatic, underscoring the importance of continued vigilance in preventing its spread within communities ^[2].

How Should I Self-Isolate If I Am Showing Symptoms?

Guidelines for self-isolation can vary by country, but generally, if you live alone and exhibit symptoms, it is advisable to get tested and remain at home for at least seven days. If you are living with family members, it is better to isolate for 14 days. Research indicates that the virus can remain in the body without symptoms for up to 14 days, which means prolonged caution is warranted ^[1].

What Happens to Your Lungs When You Get Coronavirus?

Upon infection, common symptoms such as cough and fever arise due to the virus targeting the airways, resulting in inflammation. This inflammatory response can spread throughout the lungs, leading to fluid accumulation and difficulties in breathing. Ultimately, this can reduce lung capacity, meaning less oxygen is delivered to the bloodstream, which can be life-threatening ^[3].

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