With the official recognition of coronavirus as a pandemic, the medical implications it carries for society are becoming increasingly evident. Most individuals infected so far have exhibited mild to moderate symptoms. However, for older adults and those with pre-existing health issues, the virus can lead to severe complications, including pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), particularly in older populations and those with comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease[4].
How the Virus Spreads?
The primary mode of transmission for the virus is through respiratory droplets expelled by an infected person during a cough or sneeze. If someone inhales these droplets, they are at high risk of becoming infected. While the possibility of transmission through touch is still being researched, some recent studies conducted in the US suggest it could be a concern, highlighting the need for rigorous hygiene practices[5]. Hence, it's crucial for everyone to wash their hands frequently and avoid face-touching.
The virus is known to survive:
- On plastic or stainless steel surfaces for about two to three days, making these surfaces high-risk for contamination.
- On cardboard for up to 24 hours, which is relevant for packaging and delivery services.
- In the air for several hours, underscoring the importance of ventilation in enclosed spaces.
Therefore, it's advisable to clean frequently touched surfaces with diluted bleach solutions, as effective disinfection can significantly reduce the risk of surface transmission[1].
Current studies indicate that the virus does not seem to spread through the sweat of infected individuals. Consequently, places like malls, theaters, schools, and gyms are being closed, as they facilitate coughing and touching of contaminated surfaces. It's wise to avoid public gatherings and large classes, and to stay home if you're feeling under the weather. Furthermore, evidence suggests that asymptomatic carriers can also transmit the virus, complicating efforts to control its spread[2].
Moreover, consuming food that has been handled by an infected person poses a similar risk of transmission as direct contact with other infected individuals. There's a significant concern regarding food service workers who may feel pressured to work while ill, thereby increasing the risk of spreading the virus, which emphasizes the need for protective measures in food service environments[3].
How Fast Does It Spread?
Estimates indicate that, on average, each infected person can transmit the virus to two to three others, leading to exponential growth in cases. The virus spreads more easily and rapidly than the typical flu, though not as swiftly as respiratory infections like measles and tuberculosis. The rate of transmission among children remains uncertain, but reports suggest that fewer children are diagnosed compared to older adults. A study in China revealed that only 0.9% of the infected individuals were below the age of 15, indicating a potential difference in susceptibility or testing patterns among different age groups[4].
References:
- Vlasta Oršić Frič, Vladimir Borzan, Andrej Borzan, Izabela Kiš, Branko Dmitrović, Ivana Roksandić-Križan. Colitis as the Main Presentation of COVID-19: A Case Report.. PubMed. 2023.
- David C Hess, Elizabeth Rutkowski, John Morgan, Lynnette McCluskey. COVID-19 and neurological symptoms: is the SARS-CoV-2 virus neurotropic?. PubMed. 2020.
- Sorina-Elena Abdul-Salam State, Veronica Sfredel, Carmen Luminița Mocanu, Carmen Valeria Albu, Andrei-Theodor Bălășoiu. Optic neuropathies post-Covid 19 - review.. PubMed. 2022.
- Harshini Suresh, Manjunatha S Nagaraja. A study of clinical profile, sequelae of COVID, and satisfaction of inpatient care at a government COVID care hospital in Karnataka.. PubMed. 2022.
- Swee Li Ng, Yong Sze Ong, Kooi Yeong Khaw, Siew Phooi Teh, Ching Siang Tan, Long Chiau Ming, Kok-Gan Chan, Learn-Han Lee, Bey-Hing Goh. Focused Review: Potential Rare and Atypical Symptoms as Indicator for Targeted COVID-19 Screening.. PubMed. 2021.