As if the symptoms of COVID-19 weren't enough, health experts are noting an unusual and rare fungal infection known as Mucormycosis, often referred to as Black Fungus, among those affected by COVID-19. This article provides insight into this potentially fatal fungal infection, its symptoms, and preventive measures.
What Is Mucormycosis?
Mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by a group of fungi known as Mucormycetes. Although it is rare, it poses serious health risks, particularly for individuals with compromised immune systems or underlying health conditions. Recent studies have shown a surge in cases of mucormycosis during the COVID-19 pandemic, as the virus can create an environment conducive to fungal growth, particularly due to hypoxia and immunosuppression associated with the disease [3].
Who Is More Likely to Get Mucormycosis?
Certain populations are at higher risk for mucormycosis. This includes individuals with:
1. Diabetes, particularly those with poor glycemic control.
2. Cancer, especially those undergoing chemotherapy.
3. Low white blood cell count (Neutropenia), which diminishes immune response.
4. Excessive iron levels, as iron overload can promote fungal infections.
5. Skin injuries from cuts or burns, which can serve as entry points for the fungus.
Additionally, those who have undergone organ or stem cell transplants or are on long-term steroid treatments are also more vulnerable. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these risks, leading to higher incidences of mucormycosis among hospitalized patients [2].
What Are the Symptoms of Mucormycosis?
Symptoms can vary based on the location of the fungal infection. Mucormycosis manifests in several forms depending on the site of infection.
Sinus and Brain Symptoms:
1. Headache.
2. Swelling on one side of the face.
3. Nasal congestion.
4. Dark lesions on the mouth or nasal bridge.
5. Fever.
Lung Symptoms:
1. Difficulty breathing.
2. Chest discomfort.
3. Coughing.
4. Fever.
Digestive Tract Symptoms:
1. Abdominal discomfort.
2. Nausea.
3. Vomiting.
4. Bleeding in the abdomen.
Skin Symptoms:
1. Blisters or ulcers.
2. Pain and warmth in the affected area.
3. Redness surrounding the infected site.
4. Swelling near the wound.
Why Are COVID Patients Getting Affected with Mucormycosis?
Individuals who are more at risk for mucormycosis include those with weakened immune systems, which makes them especially susceptible to fungal and other opportunistic infections, particularly those currently battling or recovering from COVID-19. The association between COVID-19 and mucormycosis has been highlighted in numerous studies, indicating a significant rise in cases among COVID-19 patients, especially in those with diabetes or severe disease [1].
What Are the Ways to Protect Against Mucormycosis?
Since the fungi causing mucormycosis are prevalent in the environment, avoiding exposure entirely can be quite challenging. Unfortunately, there is no vaccine available for this condition. However, you can take several steps to minimize your risk:
1. Steer clear of areas with significant dust.
2. Avoid activities that bring you into close contact with dust or soil.
3. Wear protective clothing, such as gloves and long sleeves, along with appropriate footwear.
4. Stay away from water-damaged buildings after natural disasters.
How To Treat Mucormycosis?
Treating mucormycosis is critical and should only be done under medical supervision with prescribed antifungal medications, either orally or intravenously. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove infected tissue. Studies indicate that early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for improving outcomes in patients with this infection [4].
Mucormycosis is a serious infection that can become life-threatening if not addressed promptly. If you notice any of the symptoms mentioned above, reach out to your healthcare professional immediately. In addition to these preventive measures, remember to follow health guidelines like regular handwashing, wearing a mask, and maintaining social distancing.
If you have questions about this condition, you might want to explore our online doctor consultation services. With the help of an AI doctor, you can easily chat with a doctor and get the guidance you need. So, if you're looking for personalized health advice, don't hesitate to talk to a doctor online!
References:
- Mohd Kamil Hussain, Shaista Ahmed, Andleeb Khan, Arif Jamal Siddiqui, Shahnaaz Khatoon, Sadaf Jahan. Mucormycosis: A hidden mystery of fungal infection, possible diagnosis, treatment and development of new therapeutic agents.. PubMed. 2023.
- Shalaka Khade, Aasma Nalwa, Meenakshi Rao, Divya Aggarwal, Vidhu Sharma, Ankita Chugh. Mucormycosis: An Epidemic Complicating the COVID-19 Pandemic.. PubMed. 2023.
- Mihaela Andreescu, Cosmin Moldovan, Delia-Andreea Lespezeanu, Adela-Ioana Mocanu, Mihai-Adrian Schipor, Horia Mocanu. COVID-19-Associated Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis, an Incidental Finding or a Matter of Concern - Mixed-Method Systematic Review.. PubMed. 2024.
- Mohammadreza Salehi, Sadegh Khodavaisy, Hasti Kamali Sarvestani, Abolfazl Sobati, Farzad Pakdel, Elahe Samiee Fard, Marzieh Darvishi, Mehrdad Shavandi, Cristina Mussini, Zahra Rafat, Kazem Ahmadikia, Azin Tabari. Relapse of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis in patients receiving posaconazole as maintenance treatment.. PubMed. 2024.
- Mehryar Nahaei, Gholamreza Motazedian, Ali-Akbar Mohammadi, Mohammad Ali Davarpanah, Parsa Yazdanpanahi, Nazanin Ayareh, Fateme Salari, Alireza Keshtkar. Evaluation of Clinical Manifestations, Pattern of Involvement, and Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Post Covid-19 Head and Neck Mucormycosis Infection among Patients Admitted To Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran (2021-2022).. PubMed. 2023.